Arlinda Chief was a stallion like few others.
In the world of contemporary global dairy industry is probably no other bull that has left a mark equal.
The US exemplary, born in 1962, has had a very respectable figure of 16,000 young, 500,000 granddaughters and great-granddaughters 2 million, according to researchers from the University of California, Davis, United States.
On behalf of artificial insemination, a method that spread in the dairy industry from the 1960s, the genetic material of the bull transformed the dairy industry.
And as has been discovered since then, he has had both positive and negative economic impacts.
How the largest dairy
Genetics
Arlinda Chief, a bull Holstein, had been identified as a particularly desirable example of genetic conditions.
With genetic cows productivity is improved.
That's why owners began marketing frozen bull, which was used to inseminate cows in herds worldwide semen.
The offspring of Arlinda Chief has not stopped breaking records.
In 1975, the cow Beecher Arlinda Ellen, one of his daughters, produced 23 gallons of milk in one day, a world record for the time.
Another son of Arlinda Chief, a bull known as Walkaway Chief Mark, is it only accounts for 7% of the genome in Holstein cows in North America, according to the trade publication Milkgenomics.com.
The spread of genetic material from supertorus as Arlinda Chief, chosen for their impact on productivity of dairy herds, had a profound economic impact throughout the industry.
Milkgenomics.com estimates the average milk production per lactation in the United States increased by 380% between the 1940s and 2005, thanks largely to artificial insemination methods.
Mutation
So far so good.
But over time, the industry began to discover that there was a small defect in the genetic heritage of Arlinda Chief.
A small genetic mutation causing fertility problems to some cows.
This mutation causes some of the fetuses of calves die before birth in the wombs of cows inseminated with semen from this bull.
This has generated costs in the estimated US $ 420 million, has 500,000 spontaneous abortions worldwide industry, according indicala University of California in a statement, referring to the studies conducted on the subject academic institution Harris Lewin.
Lewin's team identified the genetic abnormality, in what is seen as an important step to correct the problem.
Today cattle breeders can make diagnostic tests to prevent semen purchased to improve productivity of the dairy herd transmit the defect to their livestock.
Deal
But we must not be too severe with the famous stallion and their genetic heritage.
The US milk production reached more than US $ 35,000 million annually.
And is that the "positive" features that the genetic material of Arlinda Chief cattle spread throughout the world far outweighs the defects discovered, he said Lewin told the BBC.
Its positive impact over time "may be around US $ 30,000 million," says the researcher.
According to the University of California, Davis, the number of dairy cows in the United States reaches 9.32 million and total production in 2015 was 209,000 million pounds of milk.
The value of all that milk: more than US $ 35,000 million annually.
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